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Daily Current Affair 12-September-2025

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News at a Glance

TopicGS Paper / TagContext & Key Facts (Explained)
AdFalciVax Malaria VaccineGS2 – Social – HealthAdFalciVax is India’s first recombinant chimeric malaria vaccine, targeting both infection in humans and blocking transmission within mosquitoes via antigens from pre-erythrocytic and sexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Developed using Lactococcus lactis, it is shelf-stable for nine months without refrigeration  crucial for remote endemic areas where malaria remains concentrated among tribal and hard-to-reach populations
Enteromix mRNA Cancer VaccineGS2 – Social – HealthRussian scientists have developed Enteromix, an mRNA-based vaccine for colorectal cancer that personalises tumour-targeting antigens for each patient. In early trials it showed 100% efficacy, leveraging mRNA technology’s rapid, customizable design; non-pathogenic viruses help kill malignant cells and activate immunity. However, the results lack independent peer validation and the long-term protective effect and safety remain unproven
India–Myanmar Rare Earth EngagementGS2 – IR – MyanmarIndia is in talks with Myanmar’s Kachin Independence Army, a non-state actor controlling mineral-rich territory, to access rare earths and reduce dependence on China. While this rare diplomatic outreach directly addresses strategic vulnerabilities in critical minerals, risky terrain, limited refinery options, and Myanmar-China sensitivities complicate the effort. Such initiatives highlight India’s urgent resource diversification drive
India–Mauritius RelationsGS2 – IR – AfricaMauritius is a key ally for India’s Indo-Pacific vision, supporting it in UN forums, maritime security, and decolonisation debates like Chagos. As India’s second-largest FDI source, Mauritius provides a conduit to African and Francophone markets through trade agreements. Deep cultural, diaspora, and development ties  ranging from big infrastructure (Metro Express) to scholarships  underpin this enduring, multi-dimensional partnership
Formalisation of India’s Labour MarketGS3 – IE – IndustryIndia’s formal employment rose to 13.1% (FY25), with record new EPFO subscribers (61% youth) and LFPR for women at 41.7%. Yet about 85% of the workforce remains informal, women are underrepresented among new formal jobs (25%), and gig/temporary work is surging. The challenge: improving job quality, supporting MSMEs, investing in skill-linked apprenticeship, and extending social security nets to gig/platform workers for inclusive growth
India Energy StackGS3 – Infra – EnergyThe India Energy Stack is a digital platform initiative to assign unique IDs to all power sector assets, consumers, and transactions, supporting real-time tracking, innovation, and seamless integration by DISCOMs and State Load Dispatch Centres. By fostering plug-and-play compatibility, startups, and energy fin-techs (e.g., for VPPs), it seeks to modernise India’s energy ecosystem, enhance reliability, and support a competitive market
India’s Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) PolicyGS3 – Envi – ConservationIndia is finalising SAF blending targets (1% by 2027 to 5% by 2030 for international flights) to curb aviation emissions and align with ICAO’s CORSIA. Using biomass and sugarcane residues could cut CO₂ by 80%, boost farmers’ incomes, and reduce fuel imports. However, SAF remains vastly costlier than conventional fuel, feedstock supply chains need strengthening, and the sector awaits clear certification and incentive frameworks for full-scale transition
Lightning-Induced Wildfires & Climate ChangeGS3 – Envi – DegradationLightning-caused wildfires, especially in Canada, are increasing as climate change boosts heat and vegetation dryness and intensifies thunderstorm clusters. These fires account for nearly half the outbreaks but 90% of the burned area, leading to severe air pollution, economic loss, and heightened post-burn flood/landslide risk. Early detection (AI, remote sensing), vegetation management, and local fire-weather indices are vital mitigation strategies
Micro-OLED Display TechnologyGS3 – S&T – TechMicro-OLED fuses OLED pixels onto silicon chips, producing ultra-high-resolution, compact displays for AR/VR, defence, and wearable tech. India’s interest arises from low current competition and future demand, but this field is capital-intensive, niche, and mostly reliant on foreign patents. Strategic push, pilot fabs, and international cooperation on IP and machinery can enable India to develop a foothold before global saturation
International Conference on Space 2025GS3 – S&T – SpaceIndia hosted the CII-led International Conference on Space, announcing targets like the Bharatiya Space Station (by 2035), a manned Moon landing (by 2040), and ongoing Mars/Venus missions. Startups’ growing space-sector role, ISRO’s hardware/AI talent programs, and collaborations with NASA (NISAR) and Japan (Chandrayaan-5) signal India’s ambition to become a major global player in public and commercial space domains
15-Year Defence Modernisation Roadmap (TPCR 2025)GS3 – S&T – DefenceThe TPCR 2025 sets India’s vision for defence modernisation: expanding surveillance and combat UAVs, hypersonic missile programs, AR-enhanced soldier tech, cyber-secure comms, and a shift to smart, precision firepower. Success hinges on public-private R&D collaboration and indigenisation, aiming to boost battlefield agility, deterrence, and resilience for evolving security needs and autonomous warfare
Steel Truss BridgesGS3 – S&T – TechResearch explains why some steel truss bridges (such as Pamban, Howrah) survive component failure  load is redistributed via connected triangles  while others collapse if redundancy is lacking. Proper maintenance, oversight, and design optimization are vital as these structures face overloading, corrosion, and natural disasters in road and rail uses
Aspergillus Species in Western GhatsPrelims – Envi – SpeciesTwo novel black-spored Aspergillus species (A. dhakephalkarii and A. patriciawiltshireae) were discovered in the Western Ghats, adding to the biodiversity of a fungus group that includes major industrial, fermenting, and contaminant species. A. niger makes nearly all global citric acid, but can also spoil stored produce and cause infections in weak patients, showing the value and risk of microbial diversity
Nepal’s First Woman Interim PMPrelims – In NewsFormer Nepal Chief Justice Shushila Karki was chosen as interim PM after Gen Z-led protests, highlighting South Asia’s evolving democratic reforms and women’s leadership
RATS Council at Cholpon-Ata, Kyrgyz RepublicPrelims – IR EventsThe 44th RATS meeting (SCO’s anti-terror structure) underscores SCO’s growing profile in Eurasian security and India’s engagement on anti-terror measures
India Condemns Doha AttackPrelims – IR EventsIndia criticized Israel’s strike on Hamas leaders in Doha, Qatar, as a violation of sovereign territory, reflecting concerns for international legal norms in Middle East geopolitics
Exercise Zapad 2025Prelims – Military ExercisesIndia will join Russia-Belarus-led multinational Zapad drills with 20+ countries, including China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, emphasizing multipolar engagement amid shifting global alliances
PASSEX Naval ExercisesPrelims – Military ExercisesIndian Navy’s training conducted joint PASSEX with French Navy (La Réunion) and Mauritius Coast Guard, reinforcing Indo-Pacific ties and maritime operational readiness

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