Dynamic Groundwater Resource Assessment Report 2025

• The Ministry of Jal Shakti has released the Dynamic Groundwater Resource Assessment Report 2025.
• The assessment was conducted jointly by the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) and States/Union Territories.

Key National-Level Findings

• Annual Groundwater Recharge has increased marginally to 448.52 Billion Cubic Metres (BCM) in 2025.
• The recharge in 2024 was 446.9 BCM, indicating a slight year-on-year improvement.
• Annual Extractable Groundwater Resources have risen to 407.75 BCM in 2025.
• The extractable resources in 2024 stood at 406.19 BCM.
• Total Annual Groundwater Extraction for all uses in 2025 has been assessed at 247.22 BCM.

Stage of Groundwater Extraction (SoE)

• Stage of Groundwater Extraction (SoE) measures the ratio of annual groundwater extraction to annual extractable groundwater resources.
• The national SoE has been calculated at 60.63%.

Assessment Units Coverage

• The assessment covers 6,746 units, which include Blocks, Mandals, and Talukas.

Categorisation of Assessment Units

• 73.4% of assessment units are categorised as ‘Safe’.
• Safe units are those where groundwater extraction is less than 70% of annual extractable resources.
• 10.5% of assessment units are categorised as ‘Semi-critical’.
• Semi-critical units have groundwater extraction between 70% and 90% of annual extractable resources.
• 3.05% of assessment units are categorised as ‘Critical’.
• Critical units have groundwater extraction between 90% and 100% of annual extractable resources.
• 11.1% of assessment units are categorised as ‘Over-exploited’.
• Over-exploited units are those where groundwater extraction exceeds annually replenishable recharge.
• 1.8% of assessment units are categorised as ‘Saline’, indicating poor water quality due to salinity.

Regional Concentration of Over-Exploited Units

• North-West India shows high concentration in Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, and Western Uttar Pradesh.
• Western India has significant over-exploitation in Rajasthan and Gujarat.
• Southern India shows concentration in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh.